The prime minister of Singapore is the head of the government of the Republic of Singapore. The president of Singapore appoints as Prime Minister a member of Parliament (MP) who, in his or her opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs. In practice, the prime minister is usually the leader of the majority party in the legislature.
Under the Constitution of Singapore, executive power is vested in the president. However, the Constitution also vests "general direction and control of the government" in the Cabinet. The president is almost always bound to act on the advice of the Cabinet or any minister acting under Cabinet authority. Thus, in practice, most of the actual work of governing is done by the prime minister and Cabinet.
The office of prime minister dates back to 1959 and was appointed at first by the governor of Singapore then the Yang di-Pertuan Negara (vice-regal head of state), when Singapore achieved self-governance as the State of Singapore within the British Empire. The title of prime pinister remained unchanged after the merger with the Federation of Malaya, Sarawak and North Borneo, while Singapore was a state in the Federation of Malaysia from 1963 to 1965, and after independence in 1965.
List of the Prime Ministers of Singapore[]
Template:Abbr | Portrait | Name (birth and death) Constituency |
Election | Term of office | Party affiliation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
1 | File:Lee Kuan Yew.jpg | [[Lee Kuan Yew|Template:Small caps Kuan Yew]] 李光耀 Template:Lang (1923–2015) MP for Tanjong Pagar GRC, 1955–2015 |
1959, 1963, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988 | 3 June 1959 | 28 November 1990 | Template:Age in years and days | bgcolor="Template:People's Action Party/meta/color" | | Template:SG/PAP |
The first prime minister of Singapore. He is the longest-serving prime minister of Singapore. His tenure led to the expansion of Singapore's economy from a British Crown Colony into a first world country. He introduced the National Service (NS) scheme, with the help of his defence minister Goh Keng Swee. He introduced the Stop-At-Two child policy in 1960s, for fearing of over expansion of Singapore population. In the 1980s, he introduced the Graduate Mother Scheme to counter the effects of the previous policy, which received a huge backlash. The policy was withdrawn shortly thereafter. He led the PAP into 8 consecutive election victories. During his tenure, Singapore grew to become the most prosperous nation in South-east Asia.[1] | ||||||||
2 | File:GohChokTong-WashingtonDC-20010614.jpg | [[Goh Chok Tong|Template:Small caps Chok Tong]] 吴作栋 Template:Lang (b. 1941) MP for Marine Parade GRC, 1988–2020 |
1991, 1997, 2001 | 28 November 1990 | 12 August 2004 | Template:Age in years and days | bgcolor="Template:People's Action Party/meta/color" | | Template:SG/PAP |
The second prime minister of Singapore. He introduced several major policies and policy institutions, such as Medisave, Non-constituency members of Parliament, Government Parliamentary Committees, Group Representation Constituencies, Nominated Members of Parliament, the Vehicle Quota Scheme, the direct election of the president and Singapore 21. During his tenure Singapore experienced several crises, such as the 1997 Asian financial crisis, threats of terrorism including the 2001 Singapore embassies attack plot by Jemaah Islamiyah, the 2001–2003 economic recession, and the 2003 SARS outbreak. He also introduced the Baby Bonus scheme in a bid to increase birth rates. Prior his appointment as PM, he served as Senior Minister of State for Finance, Minister for Trade and Industry, Minister for Health, Minister for Defence and first deputy prime minister.[2] | ||||||||
3 | [[Lee Hsien Loong|Template:Small caps Hsien Loong]] 李显龙 Template:Lang (b. 1952) MP for Ang Mo Kio GRC, 1991–present |
2006, 2011, 2015, 2020 | 12 August 2004 | Incumbent | Template:Age in years and days | bgcolor="Template:People's Action Party/meta/color" | | Template:SG/PAP | |
The third prime minister of Singapore. He introduced the five-day working week for civil servants, with the hope of increasing the birth rate. One of his major accomplishments was to propose the building of 2 Integrated Resorts (IR) in Singapore. Singapore hosted the inaugural summer Youth Olympic Games in 2010. He promoted the abolition of school ranking. In 2013, he presided over the worst haze crisis and worst Dengue epidemic and the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore. Prior to his Prime Ministership, he served as the Deputy Prime Minister (1991–2004), Minister for Finance, and as the Minister for Trade and Industry. |
Allowance[]
Template:Unreferenced section The prime minister receives an annual total salary package (inclusive of 13th month bonus, Annual Variable Component and National Bonus) that is twice the MR4 benchmark, or $2.2m, which represents a reduction of 36% from 2010 levels. As there is no one to decide on the annual performance bonus for the PM, the PM's bonus will be based only on the National Bonus. The prime minister is also on the Medisave-cum-Subsidised Outpatient (MSO) scheme.
The prime minister's annual salary was S$3.07 million before a salary review in 2011.[3] On 21 May 2011, a committee was appointed by the prime minister to review the salaries of the prime minister as well as the president, political appointment holders, and members of Parliament.[4] After the recommended wage reductions by the committee were accepted in Parliament, the prime minister's salary was reduced by 36% (including the removal of his pension) to S$2.2 million (approximately US$1.7 million at the time).[3] Nonetheless, the prime minister of Singapore remains the highest-paid political leader in the world.[5]
Resources[]
Template:Unreferenced section The Istana is the working office of the prime minister. The prime minister is also accorded the use of an official car that is subject to tax. The prime minister is protected by the Specialised Security Command of the Singapore Police Force, who also ensure the protection of the president, the other Cabinet ministers and visiting foreign dignitaries. The Prime Minister also receives an undisclosed allowance for the maintenance of his office and for travel expenses.[6]
Powers[]
Template:Unreferenced section The prime minister is chosen by the president and is usually the leader of the majority party in the legislature. Since independence, this has been the secretary-general of the People's Action Party.
The prime minister of Singapore chooses the other members of the Cabinet by advising the president; the president must exercise his or her powers in accordance with the advice of the prime minister, effectively making the prime minister the head of the executive branch. The prime minister also, in recent times, can nominate the speaker of Parliament.
The prime minister leads the government in the policy of the day and as the leader of the majority party in Parliament, is responsible for passing legislation through Parliament. The prime minister also appoints the leader of the House, who is responsible for arranging government business and organising the legislative programme in Parliament, usually under the directive of the prime minister and the Cabinet. The prime minister is responsible for overseeing the overall day-to-day affairs of the government and executing government policy.
The prime minister can issue a Proclamation of Emergency by advising the president to do so; the president is obligated to follow the advice of the prime minister. The prime minister can declare a defence or security measure, which extends to a declaration of war. The prime minister, followed by the minister for defence, the permanent secretary of defence and the chief of Defence Force, has executive authority over the armed forces although the nominal position of Commander-in-Chief falls under the president.
See also[]
- Cabinet of Singapore
- Politics of Singapore
- Prime Minister's Office (Singapore)
- Spouse of the Prime Minister of Singapore
References[]
External links[]
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